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Abstract

In this work, we report preliminary results from an experimental campaign conducted using the ATON-L4n laser system at ELI Beamlines (Czech Republic). Experiments were performed with deuterated cavity-type [1-3] targets irradiated with laser pulses of λ=527nm, pulse duration 1ns, at intensities of approximately ≈ 5x1016 W/cm². Under these conditions, we observed the production of 2.45 MeV neutrons originating from deuterium–deuterium reactions, indicating highly efficient transfer of laser energy to the target as well as bi-directional emission of alpha particles produced in proton-boron reaction in pitcher-catcher configuration. In addition, analysis of the laser-induced crater volume provides evidence for multi-hundred megabar level peak pressures generated in the plasma during the laser–matter interaction. The experimental findings show very good agreement with radiative-hydrodynamic simulations performed using the FLASH code [4]. The methods developed and presented here are applicable not only to laser-fusion research, but can also be adapted for studies in high-energy-density physics and laboratory astrophysics, where ultra-high pressure levels and generation of shockwaves are of great interest.

[1] T. Chodukowski, S. Borodziuk et al., "Neutron production in cavity pressure acceleration of plasma objects". AIP Advances 1 August 2020; 10 (8): 085206.
[2] P. Tchórz, T. Chodukowski, M. Rosiński, S. Borodziuk et al., "Proton beams generated via thermonuclear deuterium–deuterium fusion by means of modified cavity pressure acceleration-type targets as a candidate for proton–boron fusion driver". Phys. Plasmas 1 August 2024; 31 (8): 084503.
[3] T. Chodukowski, S. Borodziuk, P. Tchórz et al., "High efficiency of laser energy conversion with cavity pressure acceleration". Sci Rep 15, 21863 (2025).
[4] B. Fryxell et al., "FLASH: An Adaptive Mesh Hydrodynamics Code for Modeling Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes", ApJS 131 273 (2000).