Bernard Bigot, the next director general of ITER, will reform the decentralized structure of the project. 

A multibillion-euro project to build the world's largest nuclear fusion reactor will soon have a new chief. Bernard Bigot, who was nominated to be director general of ITER on 20 November, says he intends to radically reform the management and governance of the troubled project.

Bigot is currently chairman of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, (CEA), and will succeed Japan's Osamu Motojima, who has been director general since July 2010. The current organization of the project has been harshly criticized, and blamed for overruns in the costs of the reactor, and slips in its construction schedule.

Fusion reactors generate energy using the same underlying process as the Sun, by fusing hydrogen nuclei to make helium. A collaboration between the European Union, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the United States, ITER is designed to show the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a power source on Earth.

The device, which is under construction at a site in St Paul-lez-Durance in southern France, will consist of a doughnut-shaped reactor called a tokamak. The current official cost is at least €13 billion, compared with an initial price tag of €5 billion, but even this later figure is likely an underestimate.

The exact cost is difficult to determine as there is not a single central procurement budget, with member states instead contributing the different parts of the machine in kind, and taking responsibility for procurement of hardware in their own currencies. Once built, the reactor is estimated to cost around €280 million to €530 million a year to operate. 

Ripe for change

At a meeting back in February, the Council agreed to seek management reforms in response to a scathing outside review of the project. The assessment, an executive summary of which was leaked by the New Yorker, described a litany of problems including bureaucracy, the lack of a "project culture" and "unacceptably slow progress".  

In particular, the assessment criticized a "weak leadership team". The next director general "must be an inspirational leader and manager", with "strong, large-scale project management experience", the report said.

Bigot says he will submit an action plan to the ITER Council before the end of January 2015. This will include a proposal to abolish ITER's current, decentralized structure, in which the central ITER Organization is responsible for the design, construction, and operation of the reactor, but has no direct control over each member state's  ITER agencies.

Bigot wants a single, tighter organization with the director general responsible for controlling the entire project, rather like European physics laboratory CERN or a multinational company. "We need global management of ITER," he says.

The proposed changes will not be politically easy, Bigot acknowledges. However, he says that there was support for his plans at an informal meeting with the heads of the domestic ITER agencies.

The time is ripe for change, he adds, because ITER has now moved out of the planning phase and into the construction phase where strong leadership is required more than ever, for example, to impose firm delivery schedules on the member states. 

Serious about reform

After Bigot submits his plan, an  ITER Council meeting is expected to be held in February to approve the action plan, with Bigot being formally appointed immediately after.

Since Osamu Motojima's mandate does not end until July 2015, there will be a "transitional period", says Bigot. This unpredecented early arrival of a new director general is a signal that the Council is serious about accelerating reforms, says one ITER official who requested anonymity.

Bigot believes his past experience will hold him in good stead. He was appointed as chairman of the CEA, an agency of more than 16,000 scientists, engineers and technicians, in 2009, and has been France's High Commissioner for Atomic Energy since 2003. He also has held a variety of other senior positions, including a stint as director-general of research and technology at the French science ministry.

And he has already worked frequently with ITER officials in the member states. "I'm used to speaking with these people and I believe they trust me," he says. Niek Lopes Cardozo, a fusion expert at Eindhoven University of Technology, says that he hold's Bigot "in the highest regard both as a professional and as a person".

Member states had proposed around 10 candidates to the search committee, but it put Bigot forward as its sole choice.

Another ITER official who requested anonymity says that he is confident in Bigot's proposed reforms. "If I would not be optimistic I would not be working in this project, but there is an air of renewed optimism going around at the moment."

Source: Nature